Environmental Working Group Applauds Senate Panel’s Passage of Landmark Asbestos Legislation

Mesothelioma is a form of cancer that is almost always caused by previous exposure to asbestos. In this disease, malignant cells develop in the mesothelium, a protective lining that covers most of the body's internal organs. Its most common site is the pleura (outer lining of the lungs and chest cavity), but it may also occur in the peritoneum (the lining of the abdominal cavity) or the pericardium (a sac that surrounds the heart).

Most people who develop mesothelioma have worked on jobs where they inhaled asbestos particles, or have been exposed to asbestos dust and fiber in other ways, such as by washing the clothes of a family member who worked with asbestos, or by home renovation using asbestos cement products. Unlike lung cancer, there is no association between mesothelioma and smoking.

How do you know if you have Mesothelioma?

Mesothelioma symptoms are not specific to the disease, that is, many of the mesothelioma symptoms are the same for other medical problems. Also, most studies show that mesothelioma can occur as much as 30 to 40 years after exposure to asbestos. Thus, when a mesothelioma symptom occurs, many mesothelioma patients do not know that the symptoms they experience are related to something that happened much earlier in their lives. In reality, only a short time period of asbestos exposure, as little as a few months, can create the conditions for a disease that erupts much later in life.

Mesothelioma affects the lining of various cavities in the body. Over time, the growth of the cancerous tumors causes these tissues to expand and gather fluid. The presence of excess fluid is typically what causes the symptoms to occur. The symptoms of the disease will also depend on the location of the tumors.

For pleural mesothelioma, which is in the lining surrounding the lung, shortness of breath, chest pain and a persistent cough are common symptoms. Unfortunately, these symptoms are also very common for a number of other ailments, including pneumonia. The most common presenting symptom is localized chest pain, but this may not occur until the disease is well advanced. Coughing and weight loss are not uncommon. Some patients show virtually no symptoms.

Peritoneal mesothelioma is a cancer of the abdomen lining. Symptoms include swelling or a mass in the abdomen, weight loss and abdominal pain. Also, bowel obstruction and blood clots have been known to occur. Fever is sometimes present. The lining of the heart is called the pericardium. Pericardial mesothelioma affects this heart lining, causing fluid to gather. Symptoms include chest pain, cough, irregular heart beating and irregular breathing patterns. Many of these symptoms would manifest themselves when patients exert themselves, even with minimal exertion. This type of mesothelioma is the most rare.

Is There A Cure?

Different types of treatments are available for patients with malignant mesothelioma. Some treatments are standard (the currently used treatment), and some are being tested in clinical trials. Before starting treatment, patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. A treatment clinical trial is a research study meant to help improve current treatments or obtain information on new treatments for patients with cancer. When clinical trials show that a new treatment is better than the standard treatment, the new treatment may become the standard treatment.

Clinical trials are taking place in many parts of the country. Information about ongoing clinical trials is available from the NCI Web site. Choosing the most appropriate cancer treatment is a decision that ideally involves the patient, family, and health care team.

The following surgical treatments may be used for malignant mesothelioma:

* Wide local excision: Surgery to remove the cancer and some of the healthy tissue around it.
* Pleurectomy and decortication: Surgery to remove part of the covering of the lungs and lining of the chest and part of the outside surface of the lungs.
* Extrapleural pneumonectomy: Surgery to remove one whole lung and part of the lining of the chest, the diaphragm, and the lining of the sac around the heart.
* Pleurodesis: A surgical procedure that uses chemicals or drugs to make a scar in the space between the layers of the pleura. Fluid is first drained from the space using a catheter or chest tube and the chemical or drug is put into the space. The scarring stops the build-up of fluid in the pleural cavity.

Even if the doctor removes all the cancer that can be seen at the time of the surgery, some patients may be given chemotherapy or radiation therapy after surgery to kill any cancer cells that are left. Treatment given after surgery, to increase the chances of a cure, is called adjuvant therapy.

Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells. There are two types of radiation therapy. External radiation therapy uses a machine outside the body to send radiation toward the cancer. Internal radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters that are placed directly into or near the cancer. The way the radiation therapy is given depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated.

Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping the cells from dividing. When chemotherapy is taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle, the drugs enter the bloodstream and can reach cancer cells throughout the body (systemic chemotherapy). When chemotherapy is placed directly into the spinal column, an organ, or a body cavity such as the abdomen, the drugs mainly affect cancer cells in those areas (regional chemotherapy). Combination chemotherapy is the use of more than one anticancer drug. The way the chemotherapy is given depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated.

Biologic therapy is a treatment that uses the patient’s immune system to fight cancer. Substances made by the body or made in a laboratory are used to boost, direct, or restore the body’s natural defenses against cancer. This type of cancer treatment is also called biotherapy or immunotherapy.

This summary section refers to specific treatments under study in clinical trials, but it may not mention every new treatment being studied. Information about ongoing clinical trials is available from the NCI Web site.

Environmental Working Group Applauds Senate Panel’s Passage of Landmark Asbestos Legislation

Environmental Working Group (EWG) Executive Director Richard Wiles issued the following statement today applauding the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee for adopting landmark asbestos legislation. The bill would ban the importation, manufacturing and distribution of virtually all products containing asbestos.

"Senator Murray, Chairman Boxer and the Senate committee sent a clear message that asbestos has no place in the marketplace. Hundreds of thousands of families have suffered the loss of loved ones in large part due to government inaction. Asbestos is responsible for at least 10,000 deaths a year, which is 10,000 too many. Now, the full Congress needs to step up to the plate and put the public’s health first by sending this bill to the President."

The Ban Asbestos in America Act of 2007 (S.742) would prohibit importation, manufacturing or distribution of almost all asbestos-containing products, with small exceptions for the Defense Department and NASA. Senator Patty Murray (D-WA) introduced the legislation in the Senate in March.